- Imisebenzi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise amabhlogo ekhodi ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphinda futhi uthuthukise ukufundeka kwezikripthi.
- Kubalulekile ukuphatha ububanzi bezinto eziguquguqukayo usebenzisa igama elingukhiye lendawo ukuze ugweme ukungqubuzana nemvelo yomhlaba wonke.
- Amanani okubuyisa ku-Bash anqunyelwe esimweni sokuphuma (0-255), okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-echo noma iziguquguquki ukubuyisa idatha eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukuguqulwa kwefomethi kusetshenziswa umyalo womthombo kwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwemisebenzi kumafayela amaningi esistimu.
Uma uqala ukubhala izikripthi ze-Bash, kuvamile ukuthi konke kubonakale kulula ekuqaleni, kodwa kufika isikhathi lapho ikhodi iba yinhlekelele yangempela. Uma uzibonile ukuthi ukopisha futhi unamathisela izingcezu ezifanayo zemiyalo ngokuphindaphindiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo sokuya kuma-functions. Ngokuyisisekelo, umsebenzi ufana neskripthi esincane ngaphakathi kwesinye iskripthi esikuvumela ukuthi unikeze igama isethi yemiyalelo ukuze ukwazi ukuyibiza noma nini lapho ufuna.
Akukhona nje ukonga isikhathi sokuthayipha, kodwa mayelana nokwamukela umkhuba wobungcweti. Ngokugwema ukuphindaphinda ikhodi, unciphisa kakhulu amathuba okwenza amaphutha futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, wenza ukulungiswa kube lula kakhulu. Uma udinga ukushintsha umthetho webhizinisi noma ukulungisa iphutha, kufanele ukwenze endaweni eyodwa kuphela esikhundleni sokusesha lonke ifayela ukuthi uliphinde kuphi.
Indlela yokumemezela imisebenzi ku-Bash
Ukuze enze umsebenzi, uBash unikeza izindlela eziningana zokwenza kanjalo, ukuze usebenzise noma yikuphi okuthandayo. Indlela evame kakhulu nekhethwayo ukubhala igama lomsebenzi lilandelwe ngabakaki. Isibonelo: mi_funcion() { comandos; }Kukhona futhi uhlelo lokubhala olucacile olusebenzisa igama eligciniwe umsebenzi ngaphambi kwegama, yize kungavamile ukulithola ezibhalweni zanamuhla.
Uma uphuthuma futhi ufuna ukuchaza yonke into emgqeni owodwa, ungakwenza lokho, kodwa qaphela izikhala! Kubalulekile ukushiya isikhala. isikhala ngemva kokhiye wokuvula nangaphambi kwesitatimende sokuvala, ngaphezu kokuhlukanisa imiyalo yangaphakathi ngama-semicolon. Isibonelo: nombre() { echo "Hola"; echo "Mundo"; }Uma ukhohlwa le mininingwane, uBash uzokhononda futhi iskripthi ngeke siqale.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ongeke ulikhohlwe ukuthi ukumemezela umsebenzi akusho ukuthi uzosebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuze ikhodi engaphakathi kwama-curly braces iphile, kufanele ubize umsebenzi ngegama emzimbeni wesikripthi. Futhi, khumbula njalo ukuchaza umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuzama ukuwusebenzisa ; uma uwubiza ngaphambi kokuwumemezela, igobolondo ngeke likwazi ukuthi ukhuluma ngani futhi lizofaka iphutha.
Umdlalo wezinto eziguquguqukayo: Ububanzi Bomhlaba Wonke Nobendawo
Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ku-Bash, noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka okudalayo kuyi -global . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uchaza ukuguquguquka ngaphakathi komsebenzi, kuzoqhubeka nokuba khona futhi kugcine inani laso ngaphandle kwalowo msebenzi, okungase kuthinte ezinye izingxenye zohlelo. Lokhu kungaba usizo, kodwa kuma-script amakhulu, kuvame ukuba yindlela yokulungisa inhlekelele.
Ukuze ugweme lezi zimanga, kukhona igama elingukhiye elithi `local` . Ngokumemezela i-variable njenge-`local` ngaphakathi komsebenzi, uqinisekisa ukuthi ibonakala futhi ingashintshwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwalelo bhulokhi lekhodi. Uma une-variable yomhlaba wonke kanye ne-variable yendawo enegama elifanayo, i- variable yendawo izothatha indawo yokuqala ngenkathi ingaphakathi komsebenzi, kodwa uma umsebenzi usuphelile, i-variable yomhlaba wonke izobuyela enanini layo lokuqala, elingashintshiwe.
Ukudlulisela izimpikiswano kumisebenzi
Imisebenzi akudingeki ibe yinto engaguquki; ingathola idatha yokucubungula ulwazi oluhlukile isikhathi ngasinye lapho ibizwa. Ukuze udlulise izimpikiswano, mane uyibhale ngemuva kwegama lomsebenzi, ihlukaniswe ngezikhala. Ngaphakathi komsebenzi, uzoyifinyelela usebenzisa iziguquguquko zesimo njengoba $1, $2, Njll
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuthi lezi ziguquguquko azizimele ezimpikiswaneni ezitholwe yiskripthi esiyinhloko. $0 njalo kubhekisela ku igama lesikripthi, iziguquguquko ezivela ku- $1 up $9 Ngaphakathi komsebenzi, lokhu kubhekisela ngqo kumapharamitha adluliselwe kulowo msebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinamathuluzi awusizo afana nalawa $# ukuthola ukuthi zingaki izimpikiswano ezitholiwe noma $@ ukubhekisela ohlwini oluphelele lwamapharamitha.
Inkinga yokubuyisela amanani
Ngokungafani nezilimi ezifana nePython noma iJava, imisebenzi yeBash ayibuyiseli amanani ngomqondo wendabuko. Lokho okubuyiswa yisitatimende return yiyona isimo sokuphuma, inombolo ephelele ephakathi kuka-0 no-255. Ngokwesivumelwano, u-0 ubonisa ukuthi konke kuhambe kahle (impumelelo) futhi noma iyiphi enye inombolo imele ikhodi yephutha.
Uma udinga ukuthola umphumela wokubala noma umbhalo othile, unezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala ukusebenzisa i-global variable ukugcina umphumela, nakuba lena akuyona indlela ehlanzekile kakhulu. Inketho enhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ojwayelekile usebenzisa umyalo echo o printf bese uthwebula imiphumela evela ngaphandle usebenzisa ukufaka esikhundleni somyalo: resultado=$(mi_funcion)Ngale ndlela, inani eliphrintiwe ngumsebenzi ligcinwa ngqo ku-variable.
Ukusetshenziswa kabusha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphindaphinda
Enye yezinto eziyigugu ze-Bash yikhono lokuhlela imisebenzi ibe amafayela ahlukene. Uma unesethi yamathuluzi owasebenzisayo kuma-script amaningi, ungawagcina kufayela (isibonelo, utils.shbese uzilayisha kunoma yisiphi esinye iskripthi usebenzisa umyalo umthombo (noma iphuzu) .Lokhu kuguqula imisebenzi yakho ibe yimiyalo etholakalayo enkambisweni yamanje, okuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.
Kwabathanda ukuzidela kakhulu, kunemisebenzi ephindaphindayo , okuyileyo ezibiza yona. Ilungele ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingahlukaniswa zibe imisebenzi emincane efanayo, njengokubala i-factorial. Isihluthulelo lapha ukuchaza njalo icala eliyisisekelo ; ngaphandle kwalokho, umsebenzi uzozibiza ngokungenamkhawulo kuze kube yilapho uhlelo luphelelwa yizinsiza kanye neskripthi siphahlazeka.
Ukwazi kahle ukusebenzisa imisebenzi kukuvumela ukuthi uguqule izikripthi eziqondile nezikhathazayo zibe amathuluzi e-modular okulula ukuwafunda nokunakekela. Kusukela ekumemezelweni okulungile kanye nokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kwe-variable scope, kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-recursion kanye nokungeniswa kwama-library angaphandle ngomthombo, lawa makhono enza i-Bash shell ibe yindawo yokuzenzakalela enamandla kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umphathi wesistimu noma unjiniyela.