- Ikheli le-IP lomphakathi likhomba yonke inethiwekhi ku-inthanethi, kuyilapho ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo likhomba idivayisi ngayinye ngaphakathi kwekhaya.
- Kukhona ama-IP ashintshashintshayo njalo kanye nama-IP angaguquki ahlala eqinile, kanti lawa afanelekela amaseva.
- Ukushintsha kusuka ku-IPv4 kuya ku-IPv6 kuphendula isidingo sokudala amakheli ahlukile kakhulu enanini elikhulayo lamadivayisi axhunyiwe.
Cishe uke wazibuza ukuthi i-inthanethi yazi kanjani ukuthi kufanele ithumele kuphi ulwazi olucelayo uma uchofoza kusixhumanisi. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kunesistimu yokuhlonza eyisisekelo esebenza njenge -ID yoxhumano lwakho , evumela idatha ukuthi ihambe kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokulahleka endleleni.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ikheli le-IP liyini nokuthi ungalithola kanjani akulona nje elososayensi bekhompyutha noma ochwepheshe benethiwekhi; kulezi zinsuku, kuwumqondo oyisisekelo wesiko ledijithali osisiza ukuphatha kangcono ubumfihlo bethu nokulungisa amadivayisi ekhaya, kusukela kukhonsoli yemidlalo yevidiyo kuya kuseva yefayela.
Liyini ngempela ikheli le-IP?
Igama elithi IP livela ku -Internet Protocol . Empeleni, liyiqoqo lemithetho namalebula ezinombolo anikezwe kunoma yisiphi isixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi sisebenzisa le protocol. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye exhunyiwe iyabonakala ngokuhlukile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eshintshiwe ngamaphakethe, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuxhumana kwedatha okuqondiswayo.
I-IP yomphakathi vs. I-IP yangasese: Uyini umehluko?
Ukuze uqonde lokhu, ake uzicabange uhlala esakhiweni samafulethi. Ikheli leposi lesakhiwo yikheli le-IP lomphakathi: yilokho wonke umuntu akubonayo emgwaqweni futhi okuvumela umthwali weposi ukuthi afike esakhiweni sakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifulethi lakho kanye nenombolo yeyunithi yikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo: kunengqondo kuphela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo futhi kutshela umthwali weposi ukuthi alethe iphakethe kumakhelwane.
- I-IP Yomphakathi: Yinombolo eyingqayizivele ekhomba yonke inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya noma yebhizinisi emhlabeni wonke. Yilebula elibonwa amaseva ewebhu uma uphequlula, futhi linikezwa ngumhlinzeki wakho wenethiwekhi. umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi (i-ISP).
- I-IP yangasese: Leli ikheli i-router elilinika ngaphakathi idivayisi ngayinye (iselula, ithebhulethi, i-PC) oyixhuma kwi-Wi-Fi yakho noma ngekhebula le-Ethernet. Lawa makheli avame ukulandela amaphethini afana ne-192.168.1.X kanye ne- Azibonakali ngaphandle kusuka kunethiwekhi yangakini.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe unamadivayisi ayishumi ekhaya anama-IP ahlukene ayishumi, wonke abelana nge-IP yomphakathi efanayo uma ephuma ukuyophequlula inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke.
Izinhlobo zamakheli e-IP ngokuya ngesabelo sawo
Akuwona wonke ama-IP aziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Kuye ngokuthi umhlinzeki wakho uwaphatha kanjani, angaba izinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-IP Eguqukayo: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu kubasebenzisi basekhaya. Lushintsha njalo, kungaba njalo uma uqala kabusha i-router yakho noma ngezikhawu ezinqunywa yiseva ye-DHCP ye-ISP yakho. Lolu hlelo luyi esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuphatha amakheli atholakalayo futhi kuhlinzeka ngesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha ngokwenza ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kube nzima kakhulu.
- I-IP engaguquki: Kuyindlela eqondile engashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ku amaseva ewebhu noma izinsizakalo zokubamba ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuzithola njalo endaweni efanayo yezinombolo ngaphandle kwamaphutha.
Izinguqulo zephrothokholi: IPv4 kanye ne-IPv6
Cishe uke waphawula ukuthi amanye amakheli e-IP angamaqembu amane ezinombolo (njengo-178.255.231.254). Lena indinganiso ye-IPv4 , lapho iqembu ngalinye (i-octet) lisukela ku-0 kuya ku-255. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inani lamadivayisi emhlabeni wonke likhule kakhulu, amakheli e-IPv4 aphelile. Yingakho kwadalwa iphrothokholi ye-IPv6 , esebenzisa inqubo yokuqamba ende kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukunikeza inani elingenamkhawulo lamakheli ahlukile.
Ungayithola kanjani ikheli lakho le-IP?
Ukuze uthole ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi , akudingeki ube uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe. Mane nje usebenzise ithuluzi lokusesha eliku-inthanethi; uma uvakashela isayithi, iseva ithola ngokuzenzakalelayo ikheli le-IP oxhuma kulo bese ilibonisa ngokushesha. Amanye amathuluzi athuthukile anikeza ngisho nolwazi olwengeziwe njengomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi (i-ISP), uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisayo, kanye nesisombululo sakho sesikrini.
Uma udinga ukuthola ikheli lakho le-IP eliyimfihlo ku-Windows , inqubo ihlukile ngoba ulwazi lwangaphakathi luyimininingwane yalo. Vele uvule i-Command Prompt (ngokuthayipha u-"cmd" kubha yokusesha), sebenzisa umyalo ipconfig , bese ucindezela u-Enter. Ikheli le-adaptha yenethiwekhi yakho lizoboniswa lapho. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungashintsha kanjani ikheli le-IP le-PC yakho ukuze uxazulule izingxabano, inqubo ithuthuke kakhulu.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwekheli lakho le-IP kanye nobumfihlo bakho
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ikheli lakho le-IP liveza okuningi ngawe. Nakuba linganikezi ikheli lakho lasekhaya eliqondile, liveza idolobha lakho, izwe, kanye nomhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi . Abakhangisi namawebhusayithi basebenzisa lolu lwazi, kanye namakhukhi kanye nama-tracker, ukudala iphrofayili enemininingwane yezintandokazi zakho nokukubonisa izikhangiso ezenzelwe wena.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ISP yakho inokulawula okuphelele: iyazi ukuthi yiziphi izizinda ozifinyelelayo futhi, kwamanye amazwe, kudingeka ukuthi zigcine izingodo zomsebenzi wakho . Ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa i -VPN (Virtual Private Network) , esebenza njengomhubhe obethelwe futhi ithathe indawo yekheli lakho langempela le-IP ngelinye elivela kuseva ye-VPN, ngaleyo ndlela ifihle indawo yakho kanye nomzila wakho wedijithali.
Kuyini usizo lokwazi ikheli lakho le-IP empilweni yansuku zonke?
Ngaphandle kwelukuluku, ukwazi ikheli lakho le-IP kubalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, kubalulekile uma ufuna ukusetha iseva yomdlalo ekhaya, ukusebenzisa iseva ye-FTP ukuze wabelane ngamafayela, noma ukumisa ukufinyelela okukude nge-Tailscale ukuphatha ikhompyutha yakho kusuka kwenye indawo. Futhi ucezu lokuqala lolwazi oluzocelwa ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe uma ubhekene nezinkinga zokuxhumeka nomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi.
Ikheli le-IP lisebenza njenge-axis ephakathi yokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi, lihlukanisa phakathi kokufinyelela komhlaba wonke nokwasendaweni, futhi lishintsha kusuka ku-IPv4 elinganiselwe kuya ku-IPv6 enkulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga i-IP engaguquki yephrojekthi yewebhu noma ukhetha ukuphepha kwe-dynamic, ukuqonda ukuthi yabelwe kanjani nokuthi ungayivikela kanjani usebenzisa amathuluzi afana nama-VPN kuyisihluthulelo sokuphequlula ngokulawula okuphelele nokuphepha.
