- Izibuyekezo ze-Android zihlukaniswe ngenguqulo yesistimu, ama-patch okuphepha, uhlelo lwe-Google Play kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngayinye inejubane layo.
- Abakhiqizi abanjengoGoogle, Samsung, kanye neHonor banikeza ukwesekwa okufika eminyakeni engu-7, kuyilapho umthethonqubo we-Ecodesign uvumela abanye ukuthi bavuselele kancane.
- I-Google iqhuba i-Android 16 nge-Feature Drops kumafoni e-Pixel kanye nezibuyekezo ze-Mainline, kuyilapho emabhizinisini lokhu kulawulwa yizinqubomgomo ze-DPC.
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza "zokuvuselela isofthiwe" zihlanganisa izibuyekezo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa zisathembele ku-Google Play ukufaka amaphakheji amasha.
Izibuyekezo ze-Android zingaphezu nje kwesaziso sebha yesaziso : zenza umehluko phakathi kokuba nefoni ephephile, ecebile ngezici, nelungiselelwe kahle, noma ukuhudula idivayisi esengozini futhi elinganiselwe. Nakuba i-Google ikhipha izinguqulo ezintsha kanye nama-patches kaningi, akubona bonke abasebenzisi abacacile ngalokho okubuyekezwayo, ukuthi bangakuhlola kanjani, noma ukuthi kwenzekani lapho umenzi wabo enquma ukungaqhubeki nokuxhumana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje kube nokuphazamiseka okukhulu ngezinqubomgomo zokusekela : I-Google, i-Samsung, i-Honor, nabanye baziqhenya ngeminyaka yokuvuselelwa okuqinisekisiwe, kuyilapho abanye abakhiqizi besebenzisa izikhala emithethweni efana ne-Ecodesign ukuze bagweme ukufeza izibopho zabo. Okungeziwe kulokhu indima yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvuselela isofthiwe, izibuyekezo zesistimu ye-Google Play, izikhathi zokukhiya ebhizinisini, kanye nezici ezintsha ezifika kumadivayisi e-Pixel nge-Feature Drop ngayinye. Ake sihlele phakathi kwalesi siphithiphithi futhi sicacise, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukuthi yini ongayilindela kuzibuyekezo ze-Android namuhla.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezibuyekezo ezitholakala ku-Android futhi zingatholakala kuphi?
I-Android ayinayo "isibuyekezo" esisodwa kodwa inezendlalelo eziningana ezishintshashintshayo ngezinyathelo ezahlukene : inguqulo eyinhloko yesistimu, ama-patch okuphepha, uhlelo lwe-Google Play, kanye, nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuqonda lokhu kukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ifoni yakho ibuyekeziwe ngempela noma ibonakala isesikhathini.
Indlela eqondile kakhulu yokuhlola isimo sedivayisi yakho ukuya kuzilungiselelo bese uya esigabeni esithi Mayelana nefoni noma ithebhulethi Mayelana. Kuye ngokuthi umenzi usebenzisa kanjani, indlela ingahluka kancane, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba yizilungiselelo > Mayelana nefoni (noma Mayelana nethebhulethi). Lapho uzothola inguqulo ye-Android neminye imininingwane ebalulekile.
Kuleyo sikrini solwazi, kufanele ubone okungenani izingcezu ezine ezibalulekile zolwazi : inguqulo ye-Android efakiwe, izinga le-patch yokuphepha ye-Android, inguqulo yesistimu ye-Google Play, kanye nenombolo yokwakha. Ngayinye inomsebenzi: eyokuqala ikhombisa inguqulo enkulu (i-Android 15, i-Android 16, njll.), eyesibili ikhombisa ukuthi i-patch yobungozi isanda kuba nini, eyesithathu ikhombisa izibuyekezo ze-modular ezitholwe nge-Google Play, kanti eyesine ikhomba isakhiwo esithile esidalwe umenzi.
Izibuyekezo zingathatha isikhala esiningi kanye nesikhathi ukuzifaka , ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubuyekeza, kunconywa ukuthi uxhumeke kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi futhi ube nebhethri okungenani elingu-70-75%, noma umane uxhume ifoni yakho kushaja. Abakhiqizi abaningi ngeke bakuvumele nokuthi uqale ukufaka uma ibhethri liphansi kakhulu noma uma isitoreji sangaphakathi sigcwele.
Indlela yokuthola nokufaka izibuyekezo ze-Android kufoni yakho ephathekayo
Ngokuvamile, ifoni yakho izokwazisa kuphela uma kukhona inguqulo entsha yesistimu noma i-patch yokuphepha . Isaziso sokubuyekeza sizovela; uma usithepha, uzofaka i-wizard ekuqondisa ngokulanda nokufaka. Abasebenzisi abaningi bashiya lesi saziso "kamuva," basivale, bese besikhohlwa izinyanga.
Uma uchithe isaziso noma ungenalo uxhumano lwe-inthanethi ngaleso sikhathi , ungahlala uhlola izibuyekezo ngesandla. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kusukela kuzilungiselelo > Uhlelo > Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe (noma igama elifanayo kakhulu kuye ngomkhiqizi). Kuleso sikrini, uzobona isimo samanje, ukuthi inguqulo entsha iyalanda noma ilinde ukuqala kabusha, kanye nenkinobho yokuhlola ukulanda okusha kumaseva.
Iningi labakhiqizi lenza ingxenye enkulu yenqubo ibe ngokuzenzakalelayo : ukulanda kwenzeka ngemuva uma usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi, futhi ifoni ivame ukucela imvume yokuqala kabusha, noma ihlele ukuqala kabusha isikhathi lapho kungalindelekile ukuthi uyisebenzise. Kumafoni amaningi e-Android, izibuyekezo ziyafakwa ngesikhathi sokuqala kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, futhi uma ifoni ivula futhi, inguqulo entsha isivele isetshenzisiwe.
Kumafoni e-Google Pixel kanye namathebhulethi e-Pixel, uhlelo lusebenza kakhulu ngemuva : I-Android ilanda isibuyekezo, isifake kuhlukaniso "lwesithunzi", bese isivula ekuqaliseni kabusha ngesandla okulandelayo. Akudingeki ubone imigoqo yenqubekela phambili engapheli; umane uqale kabusha, futhi usuvele usenguqulo entsha. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa izinhlelo ezifanayo zokuvuselela i-A/B ukuze benze ushintsho lungaphazamisi kakhulu.
Uma ukulanda kuphazamisekile noma kukhona okungahambi kahle , i-Android izozama futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo ezinsukwini ezilandelayo. Uzothola isaziso esisha sokuqhubeka nokufaka. Uma kwenzeka ama-patches okuphepha abalulekile, uhlelo lungase luhlale isikhathi eside ukuvimbela idivayisi yakho ukuthi ihlale isengozini isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Izinkinga ezivamile lapho kubuyekezwa: ukuntuleka kwesikhala, izinguqulo ezindala, kanye namanye amaphutha
Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu lapho uzama ukufaka isibuyekezo esikhulu umlayezo othi "isikhala esinganele" . Uma isitoreji sangaphakathi sesicishe sigcwele, uhlelo alukwazi ukulanda noma ukukhipha amafayela adingekayo. Isixazululo kuphela ukukhulula isikhala: susa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasetshenziswanga, khipha izithombe zakho negalari yevidiyo (noma uzilayishe efwini), bese uhlanza okulandwayo namafayela asele.
Esinye isithiyo esivamile ukuthi ifoni indala kakhulu kunenguqulo entsha ye-Android . Akuwona wonke amadivayisi angahambisana nezibuyekezo ezinkulu zesistimu: ngezinye izikhathi umenzi unquma ukuyeka ukwesekwa ngoba ihadiwe ayisanele noma, kalula, ngoba akusasizi ngalutho ukunikezela izinsiza kuleyo modeli. Kulezo zimo, okungenani uzoqhubeka nokuthola ama-patch okuphepha ngezikhathi ezithile isikhathi eside.
Ukwehluleka kokulanda noma ukufaka nakho kungenzeka phakathi : ukungasebenzi kwenethiwekhi, amabhethri ehla ngaphansi kobuncane ngesikhathi senqubo, amaphutha kumaseva omenzi, njll. Ngokuvamile, ifoni izozama futhi ngemva kwesikhashana ngaphandle kokuthi wenze noma yini, yize ungaphoqa njalo ukuthi uhlole futhi kusuka kumenyu ye-Software Updates.
Ukuze uhlale une-patch yokuphepha yakamuva etholakalayo yemodeli yakho , kuvame ukudingeka ukuthi ufake nenguqulo yakamuva ye-Android ekhishwe umenzi waleyo divayisi. Ngamanye amazwi, uma umkhiqizo wakho uyeka ukubuyekezela ezinguqulweni ezintsha zesistimu, uvame ukumisa ama-patch okuphepha ngosuku oluthile, okushiya idivayisi isengozini enkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukumisa noma ukuhlehlisa izibuyekezo isikhathi eside kakhulu (okuwumkhuba ovamile ezindaweni zebhizinisi) kungabangela ukuthi ifoni yakho iphuthelwe ama-patches abalulekile. I-Google kanye nabakhiqizi banelungelo lokushintsha izinqubomgomo ezithile zokuhlehlisa uma kukhulunywa ngobuthakathaka obukhulu bokuphepha, ukuze bagweme ukushiya amadivayisi angavikelwe nhlobo ekukhiqizweni.
Izinsuku, izinsuku zokugcina kanye nezithembiso ezivela kubakhiqizi: iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengu-7 yokusekelwa
Enye yezinto ezibangela izinkinga ezinkulu ze-Android selokhu yasungulwa kube ukuhlukana nokusekelwa okungaguquki : umenzi ngamunye kanye nomugqa ngamunye womkhiqizo udlala ngemithetho yawo. Lokhu sekuqalile ukuthuthuka kancane kancane, kanti eminye imikhiqizo iziqhenya ngeminyaka eminingi yokuvuselelwa okuqinisekisiwe, kodwa isimo sisalokhu singalingani.
Isinyathelo esikhulu sakamuva sivela ku-Honor , ememezele ukuthi izonikeza izibuyekezo ezibalulekile ze-Android ezifika eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kumamodeli akhethiwe, kusukela ku-Honor Magic7 Pro. Lokhu kuzibophezela kuyingxenye yoHlelo lwayo lwe-Honor Alpha, isu elizimisele eligxile kusofthiwe, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, namadivayisi axhunyiwe. Okwamanje, nokho, isithembiso sinqunyelwe kububanzi bayo obuphambili.
I-Google, njengomdali we-Android, iphinde yathuthukisa umdlalo wayo ngamafoni ayo akamuva e-Pixel , yandisa ukwesekwa kwezinguqulo zesistimu kanye nama-patch okuphepha. I-Samsung yayingomunye wabokuqala ukuvula indlela: yaqala ngezibuyekezo ze-Android zeminyaka emine zochungechunge lwe-Galaxy S21, futhi kamuva yafanisa i-Google ngokuthembisa ukwesekwa kweminyaka eyisikhombisa kwamadivayisi ayo amakhulu kusukela emndenini we-Galaxy S24.
Isihluthulelo asisekho nje kuphela ebangeni le-premium : I-Samsung yandisa le nqubomgomo yokusekelwa okunwetshiwe kumafoni angabizi kakhulu, njengomndeni we-Galaxy A kanye namanye amamodeli e-Galaxy M. Amadivayisi afana ne-Galaxy A56 noma i-Galaxy M16 5G aziqhenya ngeminyaka eyisithupha yokuvuselelwa (uhlelo, ama-patches okuphepha kanye ne-One UI interface), into engacabangeki eminyakeni embalwa edlule ebangeni eliphakathi eliphansi.
Ukuvuselela izibuyekezo zentando yeningi kuthinta yonke impilo yeselula : kwenza ulwazi lomsebenzisi luthembeke kakhudlwana, kuqinisa ubumfihlo, kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa, futhi, ngeshwa, kuthuthukisa umbono womkhiqizo. Uma umsebenzisi azi ukuthi ifoni yakhe izosekelwa iminyaka eminingi, cishe uzonamathela kumkhiqizi ofanayo futhi ayincome.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafoni angatholi izibuyekezo athumela umlayezo omubi : akukhona ukuthi idivayisi iyeka ukusebenza ngokuzumayo, kodwa iba sengozini enkulu futhi inikeze umbono wokuthi umenzi uqhubeka ngokushesha kakhulu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imikhiqizo efana ne-Honor izibophezele ewarantini yeminyaka eyisikhombisa... inqobo nje uma leyo waranti ingagcini nje kumodeli eyodwa noma ezimbili ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Imithethonqubo yokuklama i-Eco: umbhalo omncane ovumela ukuthi ungabuyekezwa
Lapho i-European Union yethula i-Ecodesign Directive yamafoni aphathwayo ngo-2025 , abasebenzisi abaningi kanye nemithombo yezindaba bagubha iqiniso lokuthi, ekugcineni, kuzoba nesibopho esisemthethweni sokunikeza okungenani iminyaka emihlanu yokuvuselelwa kokuphepha kanye nohlelo lokusebenza. Kwabonakala sengathi kwakuyisihibe esiqondile ngokumelene nokuphelelwa yisikhathi okuhleliwe ngesofthiwe.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kombhalo wezomthetho kwembule igebe elibalulekile . Isihluthulelo sisekubhalweni kwelinye lamaphuzu ku-Annex 2, ethi abakhiqizi kumele, “uma behlinzeka ngokuphepha, ukulungisa, noma izibuyekezo ezisebenzayo,” bazigcine zitholakala mahhala iminyaka emihlanu. Lokho “uma” kuyimibandela eshintsha konke.
Umthetho awukuphoqeleli ukudalwa kwezibuyekezo ezintsha; ulawula kuphela ukuthi benzeni ngazo uma zenziwe . Empeleni, umenzi angavula ifoni enenguqulo ethile ye-Android, akhulule okungenani i-patch eyodwa noma ezimbili ezincane, bese eyeka ngokuphelele ukusekelwa. Uma nje leyo patch encane isatholakala ukuze ilandwe iminyaka eminingi, uzobe elandela umthetho ophelele.
Lokhu kuguqula lokho okwakubonakala kuwukuvikelwa kwabathengi okuqinile kube uhlobo "lwesiphakamiso esinobungane" kunokuba kube yisibopho sangempela. Izinhlangano eziningana zikazwelonke ziye zavumelana nalokhu kuhumusha. I-Finnish Chemicals and Safety Agency (Tukes), isibonelo, ivumile ukuthi umthetho awuphoqi abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize izibuyekezo ezintsha, kodwa ukuze bagcine ezikhona zifinyeleleka kalula.
Amanye amabhrendi akhethe indlela yokuziphatha futhi adlulela ngale kwalokho okudingwa ngumthetho , njenge-Google, i-Samsung, i-OnePlus, kanye ne-Honor uqobo. Nokho, amanye akhethe ukugxila kokungenani okusemthethweni. Icala le-Motorola liqokonyisiwe, okuthi, ngamamodeli akamuva ku-Moto G, alithembisanga ukuvuselelwa okukhulu kwe-Android kanye neminyaka embalwa nje yama-patches okuphepha, naphezu kokwethula lawo madivayisi ngenguqulo esiphelelwe yisikhathi yesistimu yokusebenza.
Umphumela uba igebe elikhulu phakathi kwalokho abasebenzisi abaningi abakukholelwayo njengeziqinisekiso ezijwayelekile (iminyaka emihlanu yokuphila okuqinisekisiwe) nalokho okubhaliwe ngempela. Ngaphandle kokuthi umbhalo ushintshiwe noma abalawuli basebenzise incazelo eqinile, abakhiqizi abafuna ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa amathuba okusekela banendawo yokwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokwephula umthetho.
I-Android 16, Amaconsi Ezici kanye nezici ezintsha eziza kuPixel
Ngenkathi impikiswano ngeminyaka yokusekela iqhubeka , i-Android iyaqhubeka nokushintsha ngezinguqulo ezintsha kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-Feature Drops akhishwa yi-Google kumadivayisi e-Pixel njalo emavikini ambalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Inguqulo yakamuva eqinile yi-Android 16, futhi i-Google ikhipha amaphakheji ezici ezengeziwe ngaphezu kwayo adlula kakhulu i-patch elula.
Esinye sezigigaba zakamuva kube yi-Android 16 QPR2 (Quarterly Platform Release 2), intuthuko efike njengesibuyekezo sikaDisemba samadivayisi e-Pixel, enesisindo esingaba ngu-700 MB ku-Pixel 8 Pro. Lesi sibuyekezo, esitholakala emphakathini manje, siletha kokubili izinguquko ezibonakalayo kumsebenzisi kanye nentuthuko yangaphakathi eyakha ikusasa eliseduze lepulatifomu.
Ngokuphathelene nokwenza ngokwezifiso, i-QPR2 ibuyisa izimo zesithonjana ezilungisekayo , okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe kusuka kuzitayela eziyindilinga, eziyisikwele, ezinameva, nezinye, ezisebenza kokubili kudrowa lohlelo lokusebenza namafolda. Kuyimininingwane yobuhle, kodwa kuqinisa umuzwa wokuthi abasebenzisi bangenza ngokwezifiso isikhombimsebenzisi ngendlela abayithandayo.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buyanda futhi ekuphathweni kwezaziso : kufika izifinyezo ezizenzakalelayo ezihlanganisa imiyalezo emide kakhulu noma izingxoxo zeqembu eziphithizelayo, kanye nomhleli ohlakaniphile oqoqa futhi athulise izexwayiso ezingabalulekile ukuze ungaphambuki ngocingo lwakho ludlidliza ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Esinye isici esisha esithakazelisayo yimodi emnyama enwetshiwe , ekuvumela ukuthi uphoqe imodi emnyama kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingayisekeli ngokwendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ye-Linux ehlanganiswe ne-Android manje isekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo ngqo kusuka kutheminali, okuqinisa uhlangothi lwepulatifomu oluchwepheshile nolugxile kunjiniyela.
Emkhakheni wezingcingo nokuxhumana, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Google Phone luhlanganisa isici se-Call Reason , esikuvumela ukuthi umake ucingo "njengoluphuthumayo" ukuze umamukeli alubone ngaphambi kokuphendula. Kuwusizo oluncane ukuvimbela izingcingo ezibalulekile ukuthi zingalahleki kugaxekile.
Imibhalo engezansi ezenzakalelayo (i-Live Caption) nayo ithola ukuhlukahluka : manje ingabonisa imizwa (“ejabulisayo”, isibonelo) kanye nemisindo ye-ambient, okwenza ukulotshwa kube kucebile futhi kusondele kulokho okwenzekayo ngempela kumsindo noma kuvidiyo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, i-Android 16 QPR2 yethula ukuthuthukiswa okuningana okuyimfihlo kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu : ukubambezeleka okulawulwayo kuyangezwa ekulethweni kwe-SMS enamakhodi okuqinisekisa (i-OTP) ukuze kuncishiswe izinhlobo ezithile zokuhlaselwa, umsebenzi we-Secure Lock okuvumela ukuthi ukhiye iselula ukude uyaqiniswa, futhi ithuluzi elithi "Surround to Search" manje selikwazi ukubona ukukhwabanisa esikrinini.
Ngisho nendlela ovula ngayo ifoni yakho ngomunwe wakho iyabuyekezwa : kwamanye amamodeli aqala ngePixel 9, akusadingeki ukuvula isikrini noma ukuthembela kumodi ye-Always On Display ukuze indawo yomunwe ivele; inzwa ingasetshenziswa ngqo, okwenza isenzo sibe semvelo futhi sisheshe.
Lezi zici ezintsha zifika nge-OTA kumadivayisi e-Pixel ahambisanayo , okuthi uma kwenzeka i-Android 16 ifaka uchungechunge lwe-Pixel 6 (kufaka phakathi i-6a) kanye neyakamuva. Ukukhishwa kuhamba kancane kancane, kodwa ungakuphoqa njalo ngokuya kuzilungiselelo > Isistimu > Isibuyekezo sesofthiwe ukuze uhlole ukuthi isivele itholakala yini kudivayisi yakho.
Izibuyekezo zesistimu ye-Google Play: ungqimba "olunye" olubuyekezwayo
Ngaphezu kwenguqulo eyinhloko ye-Android, kunesinye isendlalelo sezibuyekezo ezibalulekile: izibuyekezo zesistimu ye-Google Play , ezaziwa nangokuthi izibuyekezo ze-Mainline. Lezi zibuyekezo azishintshi inombolo yenguqulo ye-Android, kodwa zibuyekeza amamojula wesistimu yangaphakathi athinta ukuphepha, amasevisi e-Google, kanye nemisebenzi ebalulekile.
Izibuyekezo zesistimu ye-Google Play zilandwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemuva , njengezibuyekezo zohlelo lokusebenza, kodwa ukufakwa kwazo kokugcina kudinga ukuqaliswa kabusha kwedivayisi. Kodwa-ke, aziphoqeleli ukuqaliswa kabusha ngokwazo: zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esizayo lapho umsebenzisi evula futhi evala idivayisi, noma ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kabusha okuhleliwe yinqubomgomo yenkampani.
Uma ufuna ukuzifaka ngesandla noma ukuhlola isimo sazo , indlela evamile ukuya kuzilungiselelo > Mayelana nefoni > inguqulo ye-Android > isibuyekezo sesistimu ye-Google Play. Ukusuka lapho, ungaphoqa ukusesha amaphakheji amasha bese uqala ukufakwa uma kukhona okulindile.
Ezimweni ezingavamile lapho isibuyekezo se-mainline singahambi kahle , kukhona ithuluzi elithuthukisiwe elibizwa nge-GPSUR (Google Play System Update Rollback) elikuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele izibuyekezo eziyinkinga. Lenzelwe abasebenzisi abathuthukile nabasebenzi bokusekela, njengoba lingabangela ukulahleka kwedatha futhi lidinga ukusebenzisa i-ADB (i-Android Debug Bridge) nokuvumela ukulungisa iphutha le-USB.
Inqubo yokubuyisela emuva ye-GPSUR ihilela ukuxhuma idivayisi nge-USB , ukuvumela ukufinyelela kwe-ADB, ukukhetha idivayisi ethuluzini, nokusebenzisa inketho ethi "buyisela emuva izibuyekezo zakamuva" uma kunezinguqulo ezitholakalayo. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa izexwayiso, ifoni iqala kabusha bese ibuyela esimweni sangaphambilini samamojula wesistimu ye-Google Play.
Izibuyekezo ezimweni zezinkampani: I-DPC, izinqubomgomo, kanye nezikhathi zokukhiya ngaphandle
Ezweni lebhizinisi, izibuyekezo ze-Android azishiywanga ngengozi . Izinhlangano zisebenzisa isilawuli senqubomgomo yedivayisi (i-DPC, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphatha ukuhamba kwebhizinisi) ukunquma ukuthi izibuyekezo zesistimu zifakwa kanjani futhi nini kumafoni omsebenzi noma kumaphrofayili ochwepheshe ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi omuntu siqu.
Isikhulu Sokuvikela Idatha (i-DPC) singasebenza njengomnikazi wedivayisi (uma i-terminal iphethwe ngokugcwele yinkampani) noma njengomnikazi wephrofayela (uma belawula kuphela iphrofayela yomsebenzi wedivayisi yeselula yomuntu siqu). Kuye ngale ndima, bazoba nokulawula okuningana noma okuncane: umnikazi wedivayisi angasetha izinqubomgomo zokufaka, kuyilapho umnikazi wephrofayela engakwazi ukwazisa nokuqondisa umsebenzisi ngokuyinhloko.
Ukuze uhlole isibuyekezo sesistimu esilindile, i-DPC ingashayela i-DevicePolicyManager.getPendingSystemUpdate() API . Uma indlela ibuyisa i-null, idivayisi isesikhathini; ngaphandle kwalokho, ibuyisela into ye-SystemUpdateInfo enemininingwane efana nosuku isibuyekezo esatholakala ngalo okokuqala kanye nesimo sayo samanje.
I-Android iphinde inikeze ukubizwa kabusha uma isibuyekezo sitholakala : indlela ye-onSystemUpdatePending() ingafakwa ngaphezulu ekilasini le-DeviceAdminReceiver, ngakho uhlelo lukwazisa i-DPC uma luthola inguqulo entsha. Lokhu kubizwa kabusha kungaqaliswa izikhathi eziningi ngesibuyekezo esifanayo, ngakho-ke i-DPC kufanele ihlole isimo sangempela ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yenzeni.
Ngokuphathelene nezinqubomgomo zokufaka, i-Android ichaza izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko nge-SystemUpdatePolicy: okuzenzakalelayo, i-windowed, kanye ne-deferred. Imodi ezenzakalelayo ifaka izibuyekezo ngokushesha nje lapho zitholakala, ngaphandle kokungenelela komsebenzisi; imodi ye-windowed yenza kanjalo ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sokulungisa sansuku zonke esichaziwe (isibonelo, ekuseni kakhulu); kanye nemodi ye-deferred ibambezela ukufakwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-30.
Isikhathi sokuhlehliswa kwezinsuku ezingu-30 siyahlanganiswa ngesibuyekezo ngasinye : siqala lapho kwenziwa isinqumo sokuhlehlisa leyo nguqulo ethile futhi asinwetshwa ngisho noma inqubomgomo ishintsha kamuva. Uma kukhishwa isibuyekezo esisha phakathi naleso sikhathi, isibali sikhathi siyasethwa kabusha ukuze abaphathi bakwazi ukuhlola isethi ehlanganisiwe yezinguquko ngaphambi kokuphoqelela ukufakwa kulo lonke iqembu.
Ngaphezu kokuhlehlisa izibuyekezo, abanikazi bamadivayisi bangasetha izikhathi "zokumisa" izibuyekezo : izikhawu ezifika ezinsukwini ezingu-90 ngonyaka lapho idivayisi ingatholi izaziso zezinguqulo ezintsha, ingafaki izibuyekezo, futhi ingavumeli umsebenzisi ukuthi ahlole izibuyekezo mathupha kuzilungiselelo. Lokhu kuwusizo ngezikhathi ezibucayi, njengezikhathi zikaKhisimusi noma zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu.
Ukuphatha lezi zikhathi zokuqandisa kunemithetho eminingana eqinile : ubude obukhulu besikhathi ngasinye yizinsuku ezingama-90, kumele kube okungenani izinsuku ezingama-60 phakathi kwezikhathi, azikwazi ukugqagqana noma ukuphindwa, futhi kumele ziphindwe minyaka yonke ngezinsuku zokuqala nezokuphela (inyanga nosuku). I-Android iqinisekisa lezi zimo lapho isetha inqubomgomo bese iphonsa i-SystemUpdatePolicy.ValidationFailedException uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Kwabathuthukisi nabaphathi abahlola lezi zici , kukhona umyalo we-ADB (dpm clear-freeze-period-record) osula umlando wezikhathi zokufriza zangaphambilini, okwenza kube lula ukudala izikhathi ezintsha ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Ungabuka futhi uhlu lwezikhathi ezisebenzayo ngokufonela i-SystemUpdatePolicy.getFreezePeriods().
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, kunomyalezo ocacile oyisisekelo : ukuhlehlisa noma ukumisa izibuyekezo kunikeza izinkampani ukuguquguquka, kodwa uma zisetshenziswa kabi, kungavimbela amadivayisi ekutholeni ama-patches abalulekile. Yingakho abakhiqizi kanye ne-Google bengakhipha izibuyekezo ezithile kulezi zinqubomgomo, ikakhulukazi ezokuphepha ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Izibuyekezo zohlelo lokusebenza: zenzani izinhlelo zokusebenza "zokuvuselela isofthiwe"?
Ngale kwesistimu yokusebenza, ulwazi oluningi lwansuku zonke luncike ezinhlelweni zokusebenza , futhi ukuzigcina zisesikhathini kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuba nenguqulo yakamuva ye-Android kanye nama-patch okuphepha. Yilokho okwenziwa yi-Google Play, kodwa kuye kwavela nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile eziziveza ngokuthi "izibuyekezi zesofthiwe" noma "isofthiwe yokuvuselela ifoni."
Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuvamile zisebenza njengedeshibhodi ephakathi yokubuka zonke izibuyekezo ezilindile zezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezifakiwe, futhi kwezinye izimo, zesofthiwe yesistimu uqobo. Ziskena uhlu lwakho lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, zihlole i-Google Play ukuze zithole izinguqulo ezintsha, futhi zibonise ukuthi yini engabuyekezwa esikrinini esisodwa, okukusindisa ekuvuleni i-Play Store bese uhlola uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye ngokwalo.
Isici esivamile ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandiwe ngabasebenzisi , okusiza ukubona ngokushesha ukuthi yini eza ifakwe ngaphambilini nokuthi yini oyifakile. Eziningi zifaka izaziso zokukwazisa uma izibuyekezo ezintsha zitholakala kanye nezinkinobho "zokubuyekeza konke" ezidlulisela ukulanda kwangempela kwephakheji ngayinye ku-Google Play.
Amanye ala mathuluzi afaka nezigaba zokusetshenziswa nobumfihlo , okubonisa ukuthi uchitha isikhathi esingakanani kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye, ukuthi agcine nini ukubuyekezwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isibonakaliso "sengozi" esihlotshaniswa nezimvume abazicelayo. Azinaphutha, kodwa zingasebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokukhipha izinhlelo zokusebenza ongazisebenzisi noma ezicela ukufinyelela okwengeziwe kunokudingekile.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi, empeleni, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza azithathi indawo ye-Google Play : zidinga isitolo esisemthethweni ukuze zilande futhi zifake izibuyekezo, futhi indima yazo ingaphezu kokuba umphathi nesikhumbuzo kunomthombo wezibuyekezo ngokwazo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, zingonga isikhathi futhi zinciphise ukungathandi ukugcina yonke isofthiwe yefoni yakho isesikhathini.
Njengoba zonke lezi zinto zikhona etafuleni—izinguqulo ze-Android, ama-patch okuphepha, uhlelo lwe-Google Play, izinqubomgomo zokusekela, kanye nabaphathi bezinhlelo zokusebenza —indlela yokubuyekeza i-Android iyinkimbinkimbi kodwa futhi ivuthiwe kakhulu kunangeminyaka embalwa edlule. Abakhiqizi abaningi bakhetha imijikelezo yokuphila emide, i-Google iqinisa ipulatifomu nge-Feature Drops kanye nezibuyekezo ze-modular, futhi abasebenzisi banamathuluzi amaningi okugcina amafoni abo ephephile futhi esebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalokho okwakujwayelekile.