- Ukubaluleka kokugcina i-firmware ivuselelwe ukuze kuvalwe izikhala zokuphepha futhi kuvinjelwe ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber.
- Izindlela zokubuyekeza ezahlukene kuye ngomkhiqizi, kusukela ezinqubweni ezizenzakalelayo kuya ekulayishweni kwamafayela ngesandla.
- Izincomo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela i-router ukuthi ingasebenzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthukisa.
Cishe uke waphawula ukuthi sichitha isikhathi sethu esiningi ku-inthanethi, kodwa asivamile ukucabanga ngedivayisi eyenza konke kusebenze. I-router yakho empeleni ingumlindi womnyango wekhaya lakho ledijithali; inquma ukuthi yini engenayo nokuthi yini ephumayo, futhi uma lowo mlindi womnyango esephelelwe yisikhathi noma engazi ngezinsongo zakamuva , inethiwekhi yakho iba yisisulu esilula kunoma ubani ofuna ukungena.
Akukhona nje ukuthi i-Wi-Fi ishesha kancane; kumayelana nokusinda kwedijithali. Ukugcina isofthiwe yangaphakathi yedivayisi yakho isesikhathini kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekubuthakaleni okungavumela umuntu wesithathu ukuthi antshontshe amaphasiwedi akho noma alawule amadivayisi akho ahlakaniphile ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho. Ake sibone ukuthi ungasivuselela kanjani le nqubo ukuze uxhumano lwakho lusheshe futhi luphephe.
Iyini ngempela i-firmware futhi kungani kufanele ngikhathalele?
Uma i-router ingumzimba ongokoqobo (ihadiwe), i-firmware ingubuchopho obulawula yonke into. Iyisofthiwe ekhethekile egcinwe kwimemori yedivayisi ephatha ithrafikhi yedatha, amaphrothokholi okuphepha, kanye nokucushwa kwebhendi yemvamisa . Uma umenzi ekhipha isibuyekezo, akusikho ngokuzumayo, kodwa ngoba ethole iphutha elidinga ukulungiswa noma indlela yokwenza ngcono iprosesa ukuze ivimbele ukuthi ingakwazi ukugcwala ngokweqile.
Ukuba ne-firmware esiphelelwe yisikhathi kufana nokushiya umnyango wakho wangaphambili uvulekile kakhulu. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zihlala zifuna ubuthakathaka bokuphepha ezinguqulweni ezindala ukuze ziqalise ukuhlasela, zibambe idatha yasebhange, noma ziguqule i-router yakho ibe yingxenye ye-botnet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uthuthuke kusuka ku-ADSL kuya ku-fiber optic, udinga i-processor ye-router yakho ukuthi iphathe lezo zivinini eziphakeme ukuze igweme ukunqamuka okuncane.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuhambisana. Amadivayisi amasha, njengama-smartphone noma ama-laptop akamuva, asebenzisa amazinga okuxhumana esimanje. Uma ungabuyekezi, ungase uqaphele ukuthi amanye amadivayisi awaxhumani kahle noma ukuthi isignali yehla njalo ngoba i-router ayiqondi ulimi olusha lwedivayisi.
Izindlela zokuhlola ukuthi udinga isibuyekezo yini
Akuwona wonke ama-router akuxwayisa ngensimbi uma kukhona okusha. Ezimweni eziningi, kufanele wenze umsebenzi wokuhlola ngokwakho. Indlela evame kakhulu ukufinyelela iphaneli yokuphatha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthayipha ikheli le-IP lesango kusiphequluli sakho, okuvame ukuba I-192.168.1.1 o-192.168.0.1Uma zingasebenzi, ungavula i-Command Prompt (CMD) ku-Windows bese uthayipha umyalo ipconfig ukuze ubone ukuthi ikheli lakho lokufinyelela liyini ngempela.
Uma usungaphakathi, funa izingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi "Ukuphatha," "Isistimu," noma "Isibuyekezo seFirmware." Lapho uzobona inguqulo efakiwe njengamanje. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uqhathanise leyo nombolo nenguqulo yakamuva ebhalwe kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomenzi. Uma izinombolo zingahambisani, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza.
Ama-router esimanje enza le nqubo ibe lula ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezisemthethweni. Esikhundleni sokubhekana nobunzima ngewebhusayithi, uvula uhlelo lokusebenza ku-smartphone yakho bese uthola isaziso esiqondile sokuthi isibuyekezo siyatholakala, okukuvumela ukuthi usifake ngokuthepha kanye.
Izindlela zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo zokuvuselela i-router yakho
Kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-ASUS, i-TP-Link, i-D-Link, i-Linksys, noma leyo inkampani yakho enikeze yona njenge-Movistar), inqubo izohluka, kodwa ngokuvamile kunezinketho ezintathu:
- Isibuyekezo esizenzakalelayo: Kuyindlela elula kakhulu. I-router ixhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo kumaseva omenzi, ilande i-patch, bese iyifaka, ngokuvamile ngezikhathi zasekuseni ukuze ungalahlekelwa ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ngenkathi usebenza. Kufanele nje sebenzisa umsebenzi kumenyu yokuphatha.
- Isibuyekezo esizenzakalelayo kancane: I-router ithola ukuthi kukhona inguqulo entsha bese ikwazisa. Unquma ukuthi uzochofoza nini inkinobho ethi "Buyekeza manje". Idivayisi iphatha ukulanda nokufaka, kodwa Unikeza imvume yokugcina.
- Isibuyekezo Esenziwa Ngokuzenzela (I-Flashing): Kuyindlela enzima kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kumadivayisi amadala noma lapho izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo zehluleka. Kufanele uye kuwebhusayithi yomenzi. Landa ifayela le-firmware (okuvame ukufika kufayela le-ZIP elidinga ukukhunyulwa) bese ulayisha lelo fayela ngephaneli yokulawula ye-router esigabeni esithi "Layisha i-firmware".
Uma kwenzeka kuma-router avela kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi, ukufinyelela ngezinye izikhathi kunqunyelwe. I-Movistar, isibonelo, ivame ukuvuselela iningi lemishini yayo kude, kodwa uma unefayela elithile le-firmware, kuzodingeka ufinyelele izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe (Ukuphathwa) ukuze ulilayishe ngesandla, yize lokhu kunezingozi uma ifayela lingelona elifanele imodeli yakho.
Amathiphu nezinyathelo zokuphepha zokugwema ukwenza i-router yakho ingasebenzi
Ukuvuselela i-firmware kulula, kodwa iphutha eliwubuwula lingashintsha i-router yakho ibe yiphepha elibizayo. Umyalo wokuqala uthi: ungalokothi ucime i-router noma ukhiphe ikhebula likagesi ngenkathi isibuyekezo sifakwa. Ukuphela kukagesi ngaleso sikhathi kungonakalisa uhlelo futhi kubhidlize idivayisi.
Uma wenza isibuyekezo ngesandla, qiniseka ukuthi ifayela lifana nemodeli eqondile kanye nenguqulo yehadiwe yedivayisi yakho. Akwanele ukuthi ibe "i-TP-Link AX50"; ngezinye izikhathi kunezinguqulo ze-V1, V2, noma ze-V3 ezifanayo ngokomzimba kodwa ezihlukile ngaphakathi. Hlola njalo isitika phansi kwedivayisi ukuqinisekisa imodeli eqondile.
Elinye icebiso elibalulekile ukwenza isipele sezilungiselelo zakho ngaphambi kokuthi uqale. Nakuba kungekho lutho oluvame ukusulwa, ezinye izibuyekezo ezinkulu zingasetha kabusha idivayisi yakho ibe yizilungiselelo zasefekthri. Uma unamachweba avulekile emidlalo noma ama-IP angaguquki alungiselelwe ukuzenzakalela ekhaya, uzojabula ukuthi unekhophi yokusekelayo ngakho akudingeki ulungiselele konke kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuze uthole ukuphepha okuphezulu, kunconywa kakhulu ukwenza inqubo usebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet kune-Wi-Fi. Nakuba iphrothokholi ye-TCP ithembeke kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesignali engenantambo ngesikhathi sokudlulisa amafayela kungabangela amaphutha anzima.
Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe: Umhlaba we-firmware yomuntu wesithathu
Kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi yabo baye ezingeni elilandelayo, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Lezi zithatha indawo yesofthiwe yasefekthri ngezinguqulo ezenziwe umphakathi ezinikeza izici eziningi kanye nokuzinza . Zivumela izinto ezivinjwa ngumkhiqizi, njengokulawula i-bandwidth okunembile, izihlungi zokuqukethwe ezithuthukisiwe, noma ukudalwa kwamaseva e-VPN ahlanganisiwe.
Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukuphatha izinsiza zememori nezehadiwe ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana, okuholela ekuxhumekeni okuqinile kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungokwenzelwe abasebenzisi abanolwazi, njengoba ungase ungasebenzi iwaranti yomenzi futhi inqubo yokufaka iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunesibuyekezo esisemthethweni esilula.
Uma ubona ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lusahluleka ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuningana, umkhuba omuhle ukwenza ukusetha kabusha kwasefekthri njalo. Lokhu kususa noma yiziphi izinsalela zezilungiselelo ezindala ezingase zingqubuzane nesofthiwe entsha, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwedivayisi yakho.
Ukugcina isofthiwe yakho yesango isesikhathini kuyindlela elula nephumelelayo kakhulu yokuvikela ubumfihlo bakho nokuthola okuningi ngokuxhumeka kwakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza, imodi yasebusuku ezenzakalelayo, noma ukulanda amafayela ngesandla, ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuhlola inguqulo yakho ye-firmware kuzokusindisa amakhanda okuphepha futhi kuvimbele inethiwekhi yakho ekubeni iphelelwe yisikhathi ngamadivayisi amasha ekhaya lakho.