- Ukusetshenziswa kwezingqimba zokuphepha ezibonakalayo, zenethiwekhi, kanye nezesofthiwe ukuvikela idatha.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe kanye nokukhetha uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwezidingo zebhizinisi.
- Amasu okulungisa okuvimbelayo kanye nokusekelayo ukuze kugwenywe ukulahleka kwedatha.
Cabanga okwesikhashana ukuthi othile ukwazile ukungena enhliziyweni yengqalasizinda yakho yedijithali. Asikhulumi nje ngewebhusayithi ephahlazeka isikhashana, kodwa ngokwephulwa kwedatha okukhulu , imali engenayo elahlekile, kanye nomonakalo omkhulu edumeleni lomkhiqizo wakho. Ezweni lapho ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kukhula khona kakhulu, ukuvikela iseva yakho akuseyona "into ethokozisayo" yobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuyinto edingekayo ukuze usinde emakethe, unamathela ezimisweni zokuphepha kwe-cyber ngokumelene namagciwane kanye nokugenca.
Ukuba neseva kufana nokuphatha umtapo wolwazi oyinhloko wenkampani yakho; igcina lonke ulwazi olubalulekile, futhi ukusebenza kwezinsizakalo zakho kuncike ngokuphelele ekutholakaleni kwaleyo datha. Noma yikuphi ukwehluleka, kungaba ngenxa yephutha lokucushwa noma ukuhlaselwa kwangaphandle, kungabangela ukuthi isitolo sakho esiku-inthanethi siyeke ukuthengisa noma imisebenzi yehhovisi lakho iwe. Ngakho-ke, ukusetha indawo ephephile kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokugcinwa njalo.
Izisekelo zehadiwe: injini yeseva yakho
Ngaphambi kokubhala umugqa owodwa wekhodi, udinga ukukhetha imishini efanele. Akukhona ukuthenga inketho ebiza kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho okuhambisana kahle nesabelomali sakho kanye nomsebenzi olindelekile . Kufanele ucabangele amandla e-CPU, inani le-RAM ukuze ugweme izithiyo, kanye nesivinini sediski, lapho ama-SSD eyisinqumo esiphumelelayo ngenxa yesivinini sawo sokufunda nokubhala esisheshayo.
Awukwazi futhi ukunganaki indawo ezungezile. Iseva idinga umoya owanele ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile , okungcono okusekelwa yi-uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Uma unquma ukuyifaka endaweni yakho, uzoba nokulawula okuphelele, kodwa kuzodingeka utshale imali ekupholiseni nasekuphepheni ngokomzimba; uma ukhetha isikhungo sedatha noma ifu , uzothola ukuphindaphinda kanye nokukhula kobungcweti.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nokwenza izinto zibe ngokoqobo
Isisekelo sesofthiwe yinsika elandelayo. Unezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-Windows Server, enembile kakhulu futhi enamathuluzi okuphatha anamandla, noma i-Linux (enokusatshalaliswa okufana ne-Ubuntu, i-Debian, noma i-CentOS), ekhululekile , eguquguqukayo, futhi eqinile kakhulu , yize idinga ukuthi ulwe kakhudlwana ne-terminal ekuqaleni.
Namuhla, i-virtualization iyinto evamile. Isenza sikwazi ukudala imishini eminingi ebonakalayo emshinini owodwa ongokoqobo, sandise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi senza kube lula ukufuduka kwezinsizakalo uma ihadiwe yehluleka. Kumabhizinisi afuna okungcono kakhulu emhlabeni womabili, ifu elihlanganisiwe kanye nezindawo ezinamafu amaningi zivumela ukusatshalaliswa komsebenzi kumaseva azimele nawomphakathi, kuthuthukiswe ukuqina futhi kuncishiswe izindleko. Umhlahlandlela ophelele we-Docker we-NAS ungasetshenziswa ngisho nokuthuthukisa imvelo.
Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo wokuqinisa ukuphepha
Ukuze uvimbele iseva yakho ekubeni sengozini, isinyathelo sokuqala ukusebenzisa isimiso sokufakwa okuncane . Ungafaki isofthiwe ongayidingi; uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye olwengeziwe luyindawo yokungena yabaduni. Uma selufakiwe, khohlwa ngamaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo bese udala amaphasiwedi amade, ayinkimbinkimbi , uwagcine kumphathi wephasiwedi ophephile.
Ukufinyelela kude yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukushintsha imbobo ejwayelekile ye-SSH (22) iye kwenye ehlukile ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okuzenzakalelayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukukhubaza ukufinyelela okuqondile kwezimpande . Ukuze ujule kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umsebenzisi wezimpande uyini ku-Linux nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokuphephile . Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele udale umsebenzisi onezimvume ezilinganiselwe futhi usebenzise okhiye be-SSH be-cryptographic , abaphephe kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi iphasiwedi yendabuko.
Ukuze uqaphe ukuthi obani abangenayo nabaphumayo, ungasetha izikripthi zesaziso se-imeyili ezikwazisa njalo lapho iseshini iqala. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa i -firewall evimba wonke amachweba ngaphandle kwalawo adingeka kakhulu (njenge-80 noma i-443 yethrafikhi yewebhu), ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe indawo yokuhlasela.
Amathuluzi athuthukisiwe kanye nokuvikelwa okusebenzayo
Ukuvala nje iminyango akwanele; kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi akekho ozama ukuyivula ngenkani. Yilapho izinhlelo zokuthola ukungena (i-IDS) kanye nezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukungena (i-IPS) zisebenza khona. Ngenkathi i-IDS ikuxwayisa ukuthi kukhona umuntu ocashile, i -IPS icela ngokuzenzakalelayo i-firewall ukuthi ivimbele ikheli le-IP lomhlaseli.
- I-Fail2Ban: Kubalulekile ku-Linux ukuvimba ama-IP ngemuva kwemizamo eminingana yokufinyelela ehlulekile.
- I-ClamAV: Isithwebuli se-antivirus esinamandla nesimahhala sokuthola i-malware.
- I-Netdata noma i-Nagios: Amathuluzi okuqapha impilo yehadiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngesikhathi sangempela.
- I-Rkhunter: Yakhelwe ngqo ukuthola ama-rootkit kanye neminyango yangemuva efihliwe.
Ukuze kukhushulwe izinga, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-VPN ukuthuthukisa ubumfihlo nokuphepha ngokudala imigudu ebethelwe yokuxhumana kwangaphakathi nokusebenzisa izitifiketi ze -SSL/TLS , eziqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ehamba phakathi komsebenzisi neseva ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa.
Ukugcinwa kokuvimbela kanye nokuphathwa kwezingozi
Ukuphepha akuyona into eyenziwa kanye kuphela, kodwa kuwumkhuba. Ukuqinisa uhlelo kuhilela ukubuyekeza njalo amalogi okufinyelela nokusebenzisa ama-patches okuphepha ngokushesha nje lapho ekhishwa. Uhlelo oluphelelwe yisikhathi luyiseva esivele isengozini, noma ngabe awukaqapheli.
Umzila wokugcina uwuhlelo oluqinile lokusekela ngokulondoloza. Ungathembeli ku-backup eyodwa; ngokufanelekile, kufanele ulandele uhlelo lokusekela ngokulondoloza lwendawo, lwamafu, nolungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi . Amathuluzi afana ne-rsync akuvumela ukuthi uvumelanise idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, okuqinisekisa ukuthi uma kwenzeka inhlekelele, ungabuyisela imisebenzi yakho ngemizuzu embalwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekile.
Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, i-Artificial Intelligence isiqala ukuphatha amaseva ngokuzimela, ibikezela ukwehluleka kwehadiwe ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke futhi ithole ukungalingani kwethrafikhi ngokusebenzisa ukufunda komshini. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe ne- Edge Computing , kuvumela idatha ukuthi icutshungulwe eduze nomsebenzisi wokugcina, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka futhi kwandise ubumfihlo.
Ukugcina indawo ezinzile kudinga ibhalansi phakathi kokukhetha ihadiwe enamandla, isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe, kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-firewall, ukuphathwa kwezimvume eziqinile, izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo, kanye nohlelo oluqinile lokusekela, wakha ingqalasizinda ekwazi ukumelana neningi lezinsongo zamanje, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho liyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle.
