- Kunemiyalo eyahlukahlukene etholakala ukukhiqiza amafayela angenalutho noma amafayela anokuqukethwe okusheshayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwabahleli bombhalo abahlanganisiwe kukhonsoli yokuphathwa kolwazi okuthuthukisiwe.
- Izindlela zokuqondisa kabusha okukhiphayo ukudala amafayela ngaphandle kwesidingo semiyalo eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukuphathwa okuhambisanayo kwezinhlu zemibhalo kanye nezimvume zokuhlela uhlelo lwefayela.
Uma uvela ezweni le-Windows noma i-macOS, cishe usujwayele ukuchofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha "Ifayela Elisha." Kuyinqubo elula kakhulu, cishe ezenzakalelayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ungena endaweni yomugqa womyalo we-Linux , lelo gundane liba yize, futhi ubhekene nesikrini esimnyama esingase sibe sesabisa kancane ekuqaleni.
Ungakhathazeki, ukusebenzisa i-terminal kunamandla kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala. Nakuba abaningi becabanga ukuthi i-Linux yenzelwe izingcweti zekhompyutha kuphela, iqiniso liwukuthi ukudala ifayela kusuka ku-console kuyinto elula uma usuyazi imiyalo eyisisekelo emine noma emihlanu. Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-Ubuntu, i-Debian, noma enye indlela yokusabalalisa.
Izindlela ezisheshayo zokukhiqiza amafayela angenalutho
Uma udinga ifayela ngokushesha ukuze uqale ukusebenza, kodwa ungenalo into yokulibhalela okwamanje, unezinketho eziningana. Okuvamile kakhulu umyalo uthinteI-syntax yayo ilula kakhulu: ubhala nje touch nombre_del_archivoUma ifayela lingekho, lidalwa ngokushesha; uma selivele likhona, i-Linux imane nje Buyekeza usuku nesikhathi sokufinyelela ngaphandle kokususa okuqukethwe.
Inzuzo enkulu yokuthinta ukuthi ungakwazi dala amafayela amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuhlukanisa amagama ngezikhala, isibonelo touch nota1.txt nota2.txt nota3.txtNgaphezu kwalokho, uma ufuna ukucacisa isikhathi, ungasebenzisa ipharamitha -t ukunikeza isitembu sesikhathi esithile kufayela.
Uma ufuna okuthile okuqondile nakakhulu, ungasebenzisa ukuqondisa kabusha okuphumayo okungenaluthoUmane uthayiphe uphawu > kulandelwa igama lefayela (isibonelo, > archivo.txt) futhi uhlelo luzokhiqiza ifayela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kuyindlela esheshayo ekusindisa ekuthayipheni amagama aphelele.
Ukudala amafayela anokuqukethwe okusheshayo
Ngezinye izikhathi awufuni ifayela elingenalutho, kodwa kunalokho ufaka umbhalo othile kulo ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo qalisa Ngumngane wakho omkhulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuphrinta umbhalo esikrinini, kodwa uma sisebenzisa uphawu lokuqondisa kabusha, singakopisha lowo mbhalo kudokhumenti: echo "Hola mundo" > saludo.txtSicela uqaphele ukuthi uphawu > bhala kabusha ifayela; uma ufuna engeza umbhalo ekugcineni Ngaphandle kokususa okungenhla, kumele usebenzise uphawu oluphindwe kabili >>.
Elinye ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo ngumyalo catNakuba sivame ukuyisebenzisela ukufunda amafayela, ikuvumela nokuthi uwadale. Uma usebenzisa cat > nombre.txtItheminali izokulinda ukuthi uthayiphe. Ungathayipha okuningi ngokuthanda kwakho, futhi uma usuqedile, vele ucindezele u-Enter. Ctrl+D ukuze ulondoloze futhi uphume.
Abahleli bombhalo kukhonsoli: Kusukela ku-Nano kuya ku-Vim
Uma ifayela liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi udinga ukuhlela imigqa ethile, imiyalo engenhla ayisebenzi. Yilapho abahleli bombhalo abasekelwe esigungwini bangena khona. Okulula kakhulu ukuqala ngakho yilokhu nano. Kumele ubhale nje nano nombre_archivo futhi kuzovuleka isikhombikubona lapho ungathayipha khona ngokujwayelekile. Ngezansi uzobona lokho I-Ctrl+X isetshenziselwa ukuphuma kanye ne-Ctrl+O ukuze ulondoloze izinguquko.
Kulabo abafuna okuthile okuchwepheshile futhi okunamandla, kukhona VimLo mhleli udume ngohlelo lwawo lokufunda olujulile, njengoba lungasebenzi njengencwajana evamile. Ukuze uqale ukubhala, kufanele ufake Imodi yokufaka ngokucindezela inkinobho ethi 'i'Futhi ukuze ulondoloze futhi uphume kumele usebenzise imiyalo efana :wqKuyithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu uma usulitholile.
Ukuhlela nokuphathwa kwamafayela adalwe
Ukudala amafayela akusizi ngalutho uma ifolda yakho yomuntu siqu ingcolile. Yingakho ukwazi ukuthi uwasebenzisa kanjani kubalulekile. mkdir ukudala izincwajana. Nge mkdir carpeta_estudios Uzoba nendawo yokuhlela umsebenzi wakho. Uma ufuna ukuhambisa ifayela osanda kulidala kuleyo folda, umyalo uthi mv (ukunyakaza), isibonelo: mv notas.txt carpeta_estudios/.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, Umyalo we-mv ungasetshenziswa futhi ukuqamba kabushaUma ubhala mv viejo.txt nuevo.txtIfayela lizoqanjwa kabusha. Ukuze sisuse amafayela ongasawadingi, sisebenzisa rm (susa). Uma ufuna ukususa yonke ifolda enayo yonke into engaphakathi, khumbula ukwengeza inketho -R ukwenza ukususwa kuphinde kubuyele emuvaNgaphandle kwalokho, i-Linux izokunikeza iphutha.
Imiqondo ethuthukisiwe: Izixhumanisi kanye nezimvume
Ngezinye izikhathi asifuni ukukopisha ifayela, kodwa kunalokho sidala ireferensi kulo. Ngale njongo, kukhona... izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso, ezidalwe nge ln -s origen destinoKufana nesinqamuleli se-Windows: uma uvula isixhumanisi, empeleni ufinyelela ifayela lokuqala. Kukhona futhi... izixhumanisi ezinzima, okukhomba i-inode yefayela, yize ingavamile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.
Okokugcina, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuphepha kubalulekile ku-Linux. Umyalo chmod Ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ukuthi ubani ongafunda, abhale, noma asebenzise amafayela akho. Ungasebenzisa izinhlamvu ezifana nalezi u+x ukunikeza umsebenzisi noma izinombolo ze-octal ezifana no-755 ukuchaza izimvume eziqondile zomnikazi, iqembu, kanye nomhlaba wonke.
Ukwazi kahle i-terminal kuhilela ukwazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani. cd, bhala okuqukethwe nge ls -a ukubuka amafayela afihliwe ngokushesha nokubonisa umbhalo nge cat, more o lessUkuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe thinta amafayela angenaluthoNge-Echo yemibhalo esheshayo kanye nabahleli abanjengoNano noma i-Vim ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu, noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angaphatha uhlelo lwakhe lokusebenza ngobungcweti nangokusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthinta igundane.
