- I-Apple ibhalisa izinkulungwane zamalungelo obunikazi kusukela kuma-iPhone engilazi kuya kuma-MacBook asongekayo, i-virtual reality, kanye namamojula angashintshaniswa.
- Izingxabano zomthetho eziphathelene nezinzwa zezokwelapha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana zibonisa ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwezimangalo zelungelo lobunikazi.
- Umongo wokulawula, iLungelo Lokulungisa, kanye necala lamazwe ngamazwe kuthonya indlela i-Apple eklama, evikela futhi imaketha ngayo imikhiqizo yayo.
Uma abantu bekhuluma nge-Apple, cishe wonke umuntu ucabanga ngemikhiqizo edumile njenge-iPhone, i-Mac, noma i-Apple Watch, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi babheke injini ethule ngemuva kwalowo mbono omusha: isu layo lobunikazi . Ngaphansi kwedivayisi ngayinye entsha kanye nesici ngasinye esidonsa amehlo, kuvame ukuba nocwaningo olukhulu, ukuvikelwa kwezomthetho, kanye, nokungqubuzana nezinye izinkampani.
Umhlaba wamalungelo obunikazi e-Apple ugcwele imibono yesikhathi esizayo, ukubheja okuyingozi, amacala ezigidi zamaRandi, kanye nezifundo ezibalulekile kubasunguli, izinkampani ezintsha, nanoma ubani ofuna ukuvikela ubuchwepheshe bakhe. Kusukela kuma-iPhone nama-iPad engilazi anezipikha eziyisishiyagalombili kuya emacaleni ngezinzwa zezokwelapha noma izinhlelo zokonga amandla eziholela ekukhokheni okungaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100, isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho esibonakala ekuqaleni.
Indlela i-Apple ebhekana ngayo namalungelo ayo obunikazi, amalayisense, kanye namalungelo empahla yobuhlakani
Ngaphambi kokuhlola izibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-Apple ayigcini nje ngokubhalisa imibono: ichaza nezinqubomgomo ezithile eziphathelene namalayisense, izimpawu zokuhweba, kanye namalungelo okushicilela . Konke kuyingxenye yesu elifanayo lokulawula ubuchwepheshe bayo kanye nesithombe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani yenza izinkomba ezicacile zokunikeza amalayisense e-FRAND (afanele, anengqondo, futhi angabandlululi) amalayisense athile abalulekile ezindinganisweni, aziwa ngokuthi ama-Standard Essential Patents (SEPs). Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ilungelo lobunikazi le-Apple liyisihluthulelo sendinganiso yobuchwepheshe eyamukelwe emhlabeni wonke, inkampani izibophezela ekulinikezeni ilayisense ngemibandela elinganiselayo ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa nokuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Apple ineziqondiso ezinemininingwane eminingi zokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zayo zokuhweba kanye nezinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi . Noma yimuphi umuntu wesithathu ofisa ukusebenzisa ama-logo, amagama okuhweba, izimpawu zesevisi, noma izithombe zomkhiqizo kumele alandele iziqondiso eziqinile: ukuthi zingaboniswa kanjani, ngaphansi kwasiphi isimo, ngemikhawulo emiphi, nokuthi yini evinjelwe ngokuphelele.
Le mithetho ihambisana nenqubo ecacile yokucela amalungelo nezimvume zokusebenzisa okuqukethwe okuvikelwe , okubalulekile kwabezindaba, abakhangisi, noma abalingani bezobuchwepheshe abafisa ukusebenzisa izinto ezisemthethweni. Lokhu akukhona nje ukuvikelwa kwezomthetho ngenxa yalokho, kodwa mayelana nokugcina ukuhambisana komkhiqizo womhlaba wonke kanye nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okungalimaza idumela lawo noma kubangele ukudideka.
Ngisho nokuphathwa kwesizinda sezinga eliphezulu se-.Apple kulawulwa yizinqubomgomo nemigomo ethile. Lokhu kulawula isizinda sayo kuvumela inkampani ukuthi ivikele ngokwengeziwe ubuwena bayo bedijithali , inciphise imizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi noma iyiphi iwebhusayithi esebenzisa leyo TLD ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zekhwalithi nokuphepha.
Amalungelo obunikazi abonakala njengenganekwane yesayensi: i-iPhone yengilazi kanye namadivayisi ajikelezayo
Esinye sezibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje yilungelo lobunikazi le-Apple elichaza i -iPhone eyakhiwe cishe ngokuphelele ngengilazi, ene-casing eyodwa . Umqondo uwukusuka emcabangweni wendabuko "wesikrini ngaphambili kanye ne-casing ngemuva" uye ebhulokini lengilazi elingenafreyimu, elingenamthungo, lapho zonke izinhlangothi eziyisithupha zedivayisi zingaphila khona.
Idokhumenti ichaza umklamo lapho ingaphambili, ingemuva, kanye nezinhlangothi zonke zizwela ukuthinta futhi zikwazi ukubonisa okuqukethwe . Idivayisi izobona ukuma kwayo, futhi isikhombimsebenzisi sizoshintshela ngokuzenzakalelayo ohlangothini olubonakala kumsebenzisi. Ngamanye amazwi, ungaxhumana nefoni cishe kunoma iyiphi i-engeli, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa okucacile phakathi kwesikrini nomzimba.
Ilungelo lobunikazi liphinde lichaze izindawo zengilazi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuguqulwa okuncane uma kucindezelwa . Lokhu kuguqulwa kuzobona hhayi nje ukuthinta uqobo, kodwa futhi namandla asetshenziswayo, kwandise umqondo wobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Force Touch kuyo yonke indawo yedivayisi. Ngokwezwi elingokoqobo, yonke i-iPhone izoba inzwa enkulu yokucindezela.
Esinye isici esithakazelisayo ukuguqulwa kwezipikha namamakrofoni asatshalaliswe ezinhlangothini eziningi . Uhlelo lungabona ukuthi ubamba kanjani ifoni bese luvula ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlu lwezipikha olunikeza umsindo ongcono kakhulu kuleso simo, lulungise ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi lomsindo.
Konke lokhu kuhambisana nobunzima obukhulu bobuchwepheshe: ukuhlanganisa i-Face ID namakhamera angabonisi kahle, okwenza ingilazi imelane ngokwanele nokushayisana, ukuxazulula izinkinga zokukhiqiza , nokuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihlala ilungiseka. Noma kunjalo, lo mbono uhambisana kahle namahemuhemu mayelana ne-iPhone ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Glasswing,” ebhekwa “njengebhulokhi yengilazi entantayo” yokugubha usuku olukhethekile, futhi ingahlotshaniswa nocwaningo lwe-Apple mayelana nezikrini ezigoqekayo noma ezigobile.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha ku-iPad, i-virtual reality kanye namamephu e-augmented reality
Ngaphandle kwe-iPhone, i-Apple ibilokhu ibhalisela amaphepha obunikazi amaningi iminyaka eminingi andisa amakhono amadivayisi ayo amanje . Ihhovisi le-United States Patent kanye ne-Trademark Office ngokwalo lishicilele uhlu olunenqwaba yezinto ezintsha ezinikezwe inkampani ngeqoqo elilodwa, okubonisa ijubane lokuhlola abakugcinayo.
Phakathi kwala malungelo obunikazi kukhona elilodwa elichaza i- iPad Pro enezipikha eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlanganisiwe . Njengamanje, imodeli yobungcweti isivele isebenzisa izipikha ezine ezilungisa isiteshi somsindo ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kwedivayisi, kodwa isiphakamiso esisha siyaqhubeka, siphinda kabili inombolo futhi sengeza uhlelo "lwejeneretha yokuhlobisa i-metric" ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa komsindo kanye nokwakheka kwendawo.
Elinye ilungelo lobunikazi eliphawulekayo ligxile esikrinini esibonakalayo esijulile sabagibeli abasezimotweni ezizimele , esenzelwe izinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezithuthukisiwe. Umqondo uwukuthi abagibeli bemoto engenamshayeli bangajabulela okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela ngenkathi behamba: kusukela ekuzijabuliseni okumsulwa kuya emihlanganweni ebonakalayo noma ukubuka ulwazi mayelana nendawo yangaphandle.
Lo mbhalo wezobuchwepheshe ukhuluma ngethuba lokusebenzisa i-virtual reality ukuze umboze idatha yangempela , unciphise ukugula okubangelwa ukunyakaza, noma udale izindawo ezibonakalayo ezenziwe ngezifiso ngaphakathi kwekhabhini yemoto. Ilungelo lobunikazi libonisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-Apple ayibheki imoto ezimele njengendlela yokuhamba kuphela, kodwa futhi njengendawo yokusebenza egxile kakhulu kanye nendawo yokuzilibazisa.
I-Augmented reality nayo iyathuthuka. I-Apple ibilokhu iqhubekisela phambili ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-ARKit kanye nezinzwa ezifana ne- iPad Pro's LiDAR , futhi phakathi kwamalungelo ayo obunikazi kukhona uhlelo lwe-augmented reality mapping olukwazi ukukhomba imephu endaweni ebonakalayo futhi luvumele umsebenzisi ukuthi ayihlole ngokusebenzisana. Umqondo uwukuthi isivakashi, isibonelo, singahlola idolobha esizolivakashela ngokukhomba imephu etafuleni bese silihamba ngezandla.
Le mibono iye yahlolwa, ngokusho kwezincwadi ezisemthethweni, kusukela okungenani ngo-2018, futhi ihlobene nemiboniso yangaphambilini emihlanganweni efana ne-WWDC 2017, lapho inkundla yempi ye-augmented reality yaboniswa khona etafuleni lemidlalo yevidiyo. Konke kuyingxenye yendlela ecacile: ukusebenzisa i-AR ne-VR ukwenza ukusebenzisana nolwazi kube ngokoqobo kakhulu futhi kungashintshi kakhulu.
Amalungelo obunikazi njengesibonakaliso sesikhathi esizayo: ama-MacBook asongekayo, i-Apple Watch enekhamera, kanye ne-Siri engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi
Kwabaningi abahlaziyi, ukuqapha ngokucophelela izicelo ze-patent ze-Apple kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokubikezela ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo engase ifike eminyakeni ezayo . Nakuba iningi lala madokhumenti lingakaze libonakale njengedivayisi yezentengiselwano, izitayela ezibonisayo zinikeza izinkomba ezicacile.
Isibonelo samuva nje ukubhekisela kwi- MacBook engaba khona enesikrini esigoqekayo esingaba amasentimitha angu-20 , abanye ochwepheshe abasibeka ekukhiqizweni okukhulu cishe ngo-2027. Kungaba yinhlanganisela phakathi kwe-laptop nethebhulethi ye-XXL, ekwazi ukugoqeka ukuze kube lula ukuthutha futhi inikeze izindlela ezahlukene zokusebenzisa.
Izinkampani zokubonisana ezigxile ekuhlaziyweni kwelungelo lobunikazi zihlonze imigqa emithathu yokusungula izinto ezintsha enamathuba aphezulu okuba umkhiqizo : i-Apple Watch enekhamera ehlanganisiwe, isesekeli sesandla se-Apple Vision Pro, kanye nokuvela kwe-Siri kumamodeli obuhlakani bokwenziwa akwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele endaweni noma ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi.
Icala le- Apple Watch enekhamera lisekelwa amalungelo obunikazi amaningi ahlobene nokulawula ukushukuma komzimba, ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezandla, kanye nezinhlelo ezidinga ikhamera ezinikele esihlakaleni. Idivayisi enjalo ingavumela izingcingo zevidiyo ezisheshayo, ukuqashelwa kokushukuma komzimba okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zokuxhumana ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu ku-iPhone.
Okwamanje, ama-patents amaningana e-Apple ahlobene neqiniso elixubile kanye nokudlala imidlalo akhuluma ngokusobala "ngedivayisi ephathekayo ephathwayo" ehloselwe ukuba yisesekeli sezinto ze-VR . Lokhu kusikisela isilawuli esithile se-Vision Pro, yize ifilosofi yokuqala yala ma-headset isekelwe ekulandeleni amehlo kanye nokulawula okusekelwe ekushukumeni. Abanye abahlaziyi babona lesi sesekeli njengento engaqiniseki kangako kulezi zinketho ezintathu, bekhumbula ukuthi ama-patents afanayo e-iPhone enekhibhodi ebonakalayo awazange aveze umkhiqizo wangempela.
Umkhuba wesithathu omkhulu ugxile ku- Siri kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuyimfihlo, obuvikelekile . Amalungelo obunikazi amaningi e-Apple ahlobene ne-AI afaka amagama anjengokuthi “ubumfihlo,” “ukuphepha,” kanye “nokuqeqeshwa kwendawo,” okwenza kucace ukuthi inkampani ihlola amamodeli asebenza ngqo kudivayisi ngaphandle kokuthembela efwini njalo. Lokhu kuhambisana nomqondo we-Siri esebenza ngokuphelele ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi ewusizo lapho i-iPhone ingenayo idatha yeselula noma i-Wi-Fi.
Konke lokhu kwenzeka njengoba i-Apple iqondisa kabusha izinsiza zangaphakathi iye kwi-AI , ngemuva kokukhansela amaphrojekthi amakhulu njengemoto yayo ezishayela yona. Kunezinkomba zethuluzi lokusiza ukuhlela elifana ne-GitHub Copilot kanye nokusesha okuthuthukisiwe kwesistimu okubizwa ngokuthi i-Spotlight ngokusekelwe kumamodeli akhiqizayo. Kube namahemuhemu okuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-Google ukuhlanganisa i-Gemini ku-iPhone.
Izingxabano zelungelo lobunikazi: I-Apple, izinzwa zezokwelapha, kanye necala likaMassimo
Olunye uhlangothi lwemali mayelana namalungelo obunikazi amaningi kangaka ukuthi izingxabano zomthetho azinakugwenywa. Emkhakheni wezempilo namadivayisi ezokwelapha, elinye lamacala avelele kakhulu muva nje kube ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-Apple ne-Massimo , inkampani ekhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe bokuqapha iziguli isebenzisa izindlela ezingangenisi uhlaselo.
UMassimo, oneminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni sokuthuthukisa amadivayisi ezokwelapha, usole i-Apple ngokwephula amalungelo akhe obunikazi amaningana ahlobene nokulinganisa ukugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini . Impikiswano yaqala lapho i-Apple yethula okokuqala isici sokulinganisa umoya-mpilo ku-Apple Watch Series 6, eyakhishwa ngo-2020, futhi iqhubekile namamodeli alandelayo, okuhlanganisa i-Series 9 kanye ne-Ultra 2.
Iphuzu eliyinhloko lobuchwepheshe eliphikisanayo lisendleleni esetshenziswayo ukukala i-oximetry. UMassimo ugcizelela ukuthi ilungelo lakhe lobunikazi livikela uhlelo olusekelwe ekumuncweni kokukhanya ngezicubu zomunwe ukuze kutholakale izinga lomoya-mpilo ku-hemoglobin. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Apple ithi ubuchwepheshe bayo buhlukile ngoba isebenzisa ukukhanya okuboniswa esikhumbeni, kunokukhanya okudluliselwa ngomunwe.
Lowo mqondo, ongase ubonakale ungabalulekile ekuqaleni, unesisindo esikhulu maqondana "nezimangalo zokusungula izinto ezintsha" ngaphakathi kwelungelo lobunikazi . Ezimweni eziningi, okuvikelwe ngempela akuyona incazelo ephelele, kodwa kunalokho isethi yezimangalo ezibhalwe ekugcineni kombhalo, lapho kuchazwa khona izinto ezibhekwa njengezintsha ngempela. Yilapho kunqunywa khona ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bumbozwe yilungelo elikhethekile noma cha.
Kulesi simo, isu le-Apple lihilela ukukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lwayo lokulinganisa umoya-mpilo aluhambisani nezimangalo eziyinhloko zikaMassimo, ngoba nje lushintsha indawo nendlela yokuqoqwa kwamasampula . Le mpikiswano ivumele inkampani enkulu ye-Cupertino ukuthi idlulisele phambili izinqumo eziye zaze zaphoqa ukuhoxiswa okwesikhashana kwamamodeli athile emakethe yase-US futhi zamisa ukungeniswa kwawo, okunomthelela ongaba yizigidigidi zamaRandi.
Leli cala lisebenza njengendaba yesixwayiso kubasunguli kanye nezinkampani: ukukhetha abeluleki bempahla yengqondo abafanele kanye nokubhala amalungelo obunikazi ngokunemba kokuhlinzwa kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuvikelwa kahle nokushiya izikhala abanye abangazisebenzisa. Amaphutha avame kakhulu avela ekucabangeni ukuthi konke okuchazwe ku-patent kuvikelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanti empeleni, isici esinqumayo yizimangalo kanye nokuhambisana kwazo nobuciko bangaphambilini.
Izifundo ezibalulekile zabasunguli: izimangalo, isizinda, kanye nesibonelo
Ukungqubuzana noMassimo kanye namanye amacala afanayo kugcizelela izifundo eziningana ezisebenzayo mayelana nokuphatha ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokunikeza ilungelo lobunikazi . Akuyona nje indaba yemfundiso: imininingwane engachazwanga kahle ingabiza izigidi.
Okokuqala, ukubaluleka kwezimangalo zokusungula izinto ezintsha akunakuthathwa kalula. Ziyi-"inhliziyo" yelungelo lobunikazi futhi yilokho okuhlolwa ngempela enkantolo. Uma umsunguli ehluleka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani langempela lomqondo wakhe libonakala ngokucacile kulezi zimangalo, usengozini yokuba nohlaka lokuvikela olubuthakathaka noma olugwenywa kalula ngumncintisani onezinsiza ezinhle.
Okwesibili, ukusesha okujulile kwangemuva kubalulekile . Abeluleki abaningi abangaqinisi kakhulu bazikhawulela ekusesheni okungatheni futhi bashesha ukusho ukuthi “akukho okufana nakho” ukuze basheshise ukufakwa nokubhalwa kwebhili ngokushesha okukhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi amalungelo obunikazi ahlobene cishe ahlala ekhona, futhi ukuwaqonda ngokuningiliziwe kuvumela ukwakheka kwesu lokusungula izinto ezintsha eliqinile, kugwenywe ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abanye ngenkathi kwandiswa ububanzi bokuvikelwa komuntu.
Isifundo sesithathu ukugwema iphutha lobunikazi ngaphambi kokwenza i-prototyping efanele . Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinsiza noma ukuzethemba ngokweqile, abasunguli abaningi bagijimela ukubhalisa umbono wabo ngaphandle kokuwuqinisekisa ku-prototype esebenzayo. Inqubo enhle yokwenza i-prototyping, esekelwa kahle ukuhlaziywa kwamalungelo obunikazi angaphambilini, isiza ekucwengisiseni ikhambi lobuchwepheshe futhi ichaze kangcono ukuthi yiziphi izici ezithile ezifanelwe ukuvikelwa okuqinile.
Izinkampani ezigxile ekwenzeni ama-prototyping ngokuvamile azisekeli umsebenzi wazo kuphela emcabangweni womsunguli, kodwa futhi nolwazi oluqoqwe ngama-patents asevele ebhaliswe ngabanye . Kusukela kulokhu kungqubuzana phakathi kwalokho okukhona nalokho abafuna ukukwakha, kuzalwa imikhiqizo ehlukene ngempela, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-patents aqinile amelana nokuhlolwa okunamandla kwezomthetho.
Okokugcina, indawo lapho kubhaliswe khona ilungelo lobunikazi iyisici esibalulekile. I-United States, isibonelo, ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo zomthetho eziqinile futhi ezidinga kakhulu mayelana nempahla yobuhlakani, enemakethe enkulu kanye neziphathimandla (kufaka phakathi amasiko) ezingavimba ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo okusolwa ukuthi yephula ilungelo lobunikazi. Ngakho-ke, kubasunguli abaningi, ukuqala inqubo yokubhalisa e-U.S. bese uyidlulisela kwabanye abalingani ababalulekile bokuhweba kuyisu elinconywa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezibuthakathaka njengezinhlobo ezithile zezinsiza ezinokuvikelwa okulinganiselwe.
Ilungelo lokulungisa, amamojula angashintshaniswa, kanye ne-iPhone engaba yimodular kakhulu
Enye intambo ethakazelisayo ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-patent ye-Apple ihlobene nokucindezela okulawulwayo okuvela ekunyakazweni kwe-Right to Repair . Imithetho edinga abakhiqizi ukuthi benze amadivayisi abo abe lula ukuwalungisa iqhuba ukwakhiwa kabusha kwehadiwe, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zakamuva ze-Apple zinikeza umbono wokuthi le ndlela ingathuthuka kanjani.
Ilungelo lobunikazi lakamuva lichaza idivayisi enephaneli yangemuva ekhishwayo futhi engashintshaniswa , engafaka amamojula ahlukene anemisebenzi eyengeziwe: kusukela ezikesini zokuvikela ezilula kuya kumabhethri engeziwe, izinzwa zezempilo ezengeziwe, noma ngisho nesikrini sesibili.
Lo mbhalo uchaza uhlelo lokuxhuma olunezakhi zentwasahlobo ezivumela kokubili ukubopha ngomshini kanye nokuxhumana ngogesi phakathi komzimba oyinhloko kanye ne-backplate. Umqondo uwukuthi umsebenzisi angasusa futhi ashintshe lawa maphaneli kalula, ngaphandle kwesidingo samathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi noma izinqubo zokulungisa ezinzima.
Izibonelo ezishiwo zifaka phakathi amabhodi anezimojuli zekhamera ezengeziwe, izipikha ezengeziwe, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri . Le ndlela ikhumbuza ngokungenakugwenywa izivivinyo ezifana ne-LG G5 noma i-Project Ara ka-Google engasasebenzi manje, eyayihlose ifoni ehlanganisiwe ukunciphisa imfucuza kagesi. Nakuba lawo maphrojekthi engazange aphumelele kwezentengiselwano, ilungelo lobunikazi le-Apple libonisa ukuthi umqondo we-modular usaphila.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukucabanga nge -iPhone ephelele eguquguqukayo kungqubuzana nefilosofi evamile ye-Apple , evame ukubeka phambili ukuhlanganiswa kanye nomklamo ovaliwe kunokuguquguquka. Kodwa kunezimpawu zokuthi inkampani iyayeka: ishasi yangaphakathi ye-iPhone 15 yaklanywa kabusha ukuze kube lula ukususa ingilazi yangemuva, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko futhi kwenziwe lula ukulungiswa okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Apple idale izinhlelo zokuzilungisa kumakhasimende, yehlisa intengo yezingxenye ezithile, futhi yamemezela izinguquko ezinqubweni zayo zokubhanqa izingxenye, okuvumela amamodeli athile e-iPhone ukuthi alinganise izingxenye ezishintshiwe ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu kusevisi esemthethweni . Eziningi zalezi zinqumo zithonywe yimithetho efana naleyo eyaphasiswa e-Oregon, ecindezela ngqo abakhiqizi baye endaweni elungisekayo.
Lapho uDavide enqoba uGoliyati: ilungelo lobunikazi laseSpain elaphoqa i-Apple ukuthi ikhokhe imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-110
Akuyona yonke into emhlabeni yama-patents e-Apple egxile ekubhalisweni kwayo: kunezindaba lapho inkampani igcina isohlangothini lokulahlekelwa. Icala elibonisa kakhulu yilelo lenkampani encane yaseSpain eyawina izigidi zesinxephezelo ngemuva kokufakazela ukwephulwa kwelinye lama-patents ayo abalulekile.
Umuntu obalulekile kuleli cala unjiniyela wezokuxhumana ohlala eMadrid, uchwepheshe wempahla yobuhlakani, owabamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokulawula amandla esignali kumadivayisi eselula . Ubuchwepheshe, obuvikelwe kusukela ngo-2005 yi-patent US7532865B2, buthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri, bunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, futhi buthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumana kumanethiwekhi e-3G.
Leli patent lichaza indlela yokulawula amandla e-loop yangaphandle yezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezingenantambo, eklanyelwe ngokubona kusengaphambili ukuze yandise izimiso zayo kubuchwepheshe obulandelayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwatholakala ukuthi amadivayisi afana ne-iPhone, i-iPad, ne-Apple Watch, esebenzisa amamodemu e-Qualcomm, asebenzisa ikhambi elifanayo lobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kwelayisensi.
Umnikazi welungelo lobunikazi wamangalela i-Apple e-United States, kwathi ngemva kwempi ende yezomthetho eDelaware, ijaji lathola ukuthi i-Apple yayiphule amalungelo elungelo lobunikazi , yenqaba izimpikiswano zale nkampani enkulu yezobuchwepheshe ezaziphikisana nokusebenza kwalo. Umphumela waba yisivumelwano esingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-€93.
Unjiniyela ohilelekile uchaze ukuthi ukuthola ukwephulwa kwalolu hlobo lolwazi akuyona indaba yokuzwa, kodwa kunalokho umphumela womsebenzi ocophelelayo ohlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwezizindalwazi ze-patent, ukubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti obuchwepheshe, ukuba khona emibukisweni yezohwebo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ubunjiniyela obubuyela emuva . Imishini yokuhlola, abahlaziyi bephrothokholi, kanye nama-simulators enethiwekhi asetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokho okuchazwa ku-patent empeleni kusetshenziswa kumadivayisi ezentengiselwano.
Ngaphezu kokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe, iminikelo yezinkampani ezifana ne-Apple noma i-Qualcomm ezinhlanganweni zokulinganisa iqashwe eduze , njengoba lokhu kuvame ukunikeza izinkomba ezicacile mayelana nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo. Kusukela lapho, isinyathelo esibalulekile isifundo sezomthetho esiningiliziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umkhiqizo osemakethe uphinda ukhiqize ngqo yini lo mkhiqizo noma usebenzisa izinhlobo ezifanayo zokusebenza.
Lesi sinqumo asigcini nje ngokuqinisa ukubaluleka kokubhala amalungelo obunikazi anombono wesikhathi eside, kodwa futhi sibonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukiswe "endaweni encane" bungamelana futhi bunqobe inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe , uma nje isivikelo esingokomthetho siqinile futhi kukhona isu lokuzivikela elihlelwe kahle.
Lonke lolu hambo oludlula kumalungelo obunikazi angenakwenzeka akhomba kuma-iPhone engilazi, ama-iPad anomsindo othuthukisiwe, i-immersive augmented reality, amawashi anezinzwa zezokwelapha eziphikisanayo, izesekeli ze-mixed reality, amamojula ashintshaniswayo, kanye namacala ezigidi zamaRandi abonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-patent lwe-Apple lungaphezu nje komthetho olula we-bureaucratic: yindawo yokulwa lapho ikusasa lobuchwepheshe lichazwa khona , lapho izizukulwane ezilandelayo zamadivayisi zakhiwa khona, nalapho kunqunywa khona ukuthi ubani okhokhelwayo, ubani okhokhayo, nokuthi ubani oshiywe ngaphandle komdlalo.
